Description
Solar cycle 25, which is already progressing and is currently moving towards the solar maxima, is characterized by increased solar activity and highly disturbed interplanetary conditions. As a result extreme space weather events are recorded. For example the unusual Forbush Decrease on March 2024, the strongest geomagnetic storm G5 in over two decades on May 2024, and finally the new Ground Level Enhancement events, GLE74, GLE75 and GLE 76 on May, June and November 2024 respectively were recorded.
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Dr Monica Laurenza (INAF- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy)19/03/2025, 14:30
Neutron monitors (NMs) have been continuously measuring the secondary nucleonic component of the galactic cosmic ray (CR) intensity for more than 70 years. NMs have played a fundamental role in our understanding of: solar modulation, namely significant global and temporal variations in the galactic CR intensity and energy spectra as a function of position inside the heliosphere on long time...
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Juan Rodriguez (University of Colorado CIRES)19/03/2025, 15:00
During 2024, three ground level enhancements (GLEs) were observed, with onsets on 11 May, 8 June, and 21 November. GOES-16 and -18 made observations during all three GLEs, and additionally GOES-19 (launched 7 July 2024) made observations during GLE 76. Each satellite carries three solar energetic particle (SEP) instruments: two Solar and Galactic Proton Sensors (SGPS), looking eastward and...
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Prof. Ashot Chilingarian (Yerevan Physics Institute)19/03/2025, 16:30
The surprising increase in solar activity in 2024, following a relatively tranquil 24th cycle, suggests that we are approaching the solar maximum of the 25th cycle. The complex interplay between disturbed interplanetary and geomagnetic fields affects the cosmic rays reaching the Earth’s surface in various ways.
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Positioning the particle spectrometers at elevated altitudes, which analyze the... -
Athanasios Papaioannou (National Observatory of Athens)20/03/2025, 10:00
Ground-level enhancements (GLEs) represent the highest-energy end of solar energetic particle (SEP) events, forming a distinct class where ions are accelerated to relativistic speeds. This leads to a sudden, significant increase in cosmic rays detected by ground-based instruments, primarily neutron monitors (NMs). This work focuses on GLE74, which occurred on May 11, 2024. Proton observations...
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Dr Stepan Poluianov (University of Oulu, Finland)20/03/2025, 10:30
Some solar energetic particle (SEP) events can be registered by ground-based neutron monitors (NMs) measuring the variability of cosmic rays. Those events are called Ground-Level Enhancements (GLEs) and are seen as rapid increases in NM count rates over the background of galactic cosmic rays. GLEs are rare, but the year 2024 was rich for three of them. We report the second GLE of the year that...
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Manon Jarry (IAASARS - NOA)20/03/2025, 10:50
A Ground-Level Enhancement (GLE) was detected on May 11, 2024, following a significant Forbush decrease. Simultaneously, a powerful Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) event was measured at the Lagrange L1 point and by the Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory Ahead (STEREO-A). This event was triggered by an X5.8 flare and a fast Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) with a speed >1500 km/s which generated...
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Martin Schrön (Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany)20/03/2025, 11:10
A series of intense solar flares occurred in May 2024. Among other effects, a remarkable Forbush decrease in the cosmic ray flux was observed on the Earth. This event was observed by neutron and muon detectors installed at the Svalbard, in a high latitude site, characterized by a weak geomagnetic shielding. For this analysis we employed at Ny-Alesund three scintillator-based muon telescopes of...
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Ján Kubančák (Institute of Experimental Physics SAS)20/03/2025, 11:30
In our lecture we will look at the history and present of cosmic ray research by the staff of the Institute of Experimental Physics SAS at the Lomnickom Peak site. We will summarize the history of the site and measurements, the results of our work and future perspectives. You will learn, for example, about how the cosmic ray observations with different instruments since 1957 and what...
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