Speaker
Description
We investigate the transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) during the 28 October 2021 (GLE73) event, focusing on their longitudinal spread. Multi-spacecraft observations revealed a remarkably wide longitudinal diffusion, enabling particles to reach very high energies. In this work, we incorporate SEP measurements from STEREO A, SolO/HET & SEPT, and SOHO/EPHIN, as well as newly available penetrating proton data from SolO/HET and SOHO/EPHIN. To interpret the observed time profiles, we carry out 1D and 2D numerical simulations of SEP transport, tuning free model parameters for optimal agreement with the measurements. From this inverse modelling procedure, we derive key physical parameters—such as the parallel and perpendicular mean free paths, acceleration and escape times, and the injection region size. We specifically explore the rigidity dependence of the physical parameters and discuss the broader physical implications of our findings.
| Session | 3 - Cosmic Rays and Space Weather effects |
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